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12th Seimas (2016–2020)

The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania lays down that the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania consists of 141 representatives of the Nation, who are elected for a four-year term on the basis of universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The procedure for the election of the Members of the Seimas is established by the Law on Elections to the Seimas.

The Members of the Seimas are elected in 71 single-member constituencies and 1 multi-member constituency in mixed-system elections. In single-member constituencies 71 Members of the Seimas are elected in two election rounds, and in the multi-member constituency 70 Members of the Seimas are elected according to the proportional system of elections. The right to take part in the distribution of mandates is won by the parties whose list of candidates receive over 5 percent of all votes cast in the elections. Coalitions have to cross the threshold of 7 percent of all votes cast.

Regular elections to the Seimas are announced by the President of the Republic. They are held on the second Sunday of October, in the year of the expiration of the powers of the Members of the Seimas. The elections to the Seimas are organised and conducted by the Central Electoral Commission, constituency electoral committees, and polling district committees.

Any citizen of the Republic of Lithuania who is not under allegiance to a foreign state, who is at least 25 years of age on the election day, and who permanently resides in Lithuania may stand for election as a Member of the Seimas. Citizens of the Republic of Lithuania who, on the election day, are 18 years of age have the right to vote.

The term of powers of Members of the Seimas begins from the day on which the newly elected Seimas convenes for the first sitting. The term of powers of previously elected Members of the Seimas expires at the beginning of this sitting.

An elected Member of the Seimas acquires all the rights of a representative of the Nation only after taking an oath at the Seimas to be faithful to the Republic of Lithuania.

The text of the oath is the following:

 

“I (full name),

swear to be faithful to the Republic of Lithuania;

swear to respect and uphold its Constitution and laws and to protect the integrity of its lands;

swear to strengthen, to the best of my ability, the independence of Lithuania, and to conscientiously serve my Homeland, democracy, and the welfare of the people of Lithuania.

So help me God.”

 

The oath may also be taken by omitting the last sentence.

 

The main rights and obligations of a Member of the Seimas are defined by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Statute of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, and other laws.

The Seimas debates, adopts and passes laws, gives or does not give its assent to the candidate proposed by the President of the Republic for the post of the Prime Minister (head of the Government), supervises the activities of the Government, approves the State Budget and supervises its execution, establishes state taxes, calls elections to municipal councils, and ratifies international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania.

The Seimas forms committees for consideration of draft laws and standing and other ad hoc commissions for resolving issues of narrower scope. The Conference of Chairs, which comprises members of the Board of the Seimas and representatives of the political groups, approves work programmes of the Seimas session and agendas of sittings and coordinates the organisation of the work of the committees and political groups of the Seimas.

 

Seimas 2016–2020

 

In the two rounds of election to the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania that was held in October 2016, Lithuanian citizens elected Members of the Seimas from the following parties: Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (54 seats), Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats (31 seats), Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (17 seats), Liberals Movement of the Republic of Lithuania (14 seats), Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance (8 seats), Party “Order and Justice” (8 seats), Labour Party (2 seats), Political Party “List of Lithuania” (1 seat), Lithuanian Green Party (1 seat) and Lithuanian Centre Party (1 seat). Four seats went to self-nominated candidates.

Following the parliamentary elections, the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party signed an agreement on the formation of a ruling coalition. On 11 September 2018, in the Seimas, the political groups of the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, the Lithuanian Social Democratic Labour Party and the Order and Justice Party signed an accord on joint work.

 

Speaker of the Seimas Viktoras Pranckietis

 

At its first sitting on 14 November 2016, the Seimas elected Viktoras Pranckietis, representative of the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, as Speaker of the Seimas.

The Board of the Seimas is composed of Viktoras Pranckietis, Speaker of the Seimas; Rima Baškienė, First Deputy Speaker of the Seimas; and Arvydas Nekrošius, Irena Degutienė, Gediminas Kirkilas, Jonas Liesys and Remigijus Žemaitaitis, Deputy Speakers of the Seimas.

Parliamentarians organised themselves into several political groups within the Seimas, namely the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union Political Group, the Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrat Political Group, the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party Political Group, the Liberals Movement Political Group, the Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance Political Group, the Order and Justice Political Group, Lithuanian Social Democratic Labour Political Group, and the Group of Non-attached Members.

On 5 July 2019, four political parties  –  Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, the Order and Justice party, the Social Democratic Labour party, and the Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania-Christian Families Alliance signed a coalition agreement.

On 19 September 2019, the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union Political Group, the Lithuanian Social Democratic Labour Political Group, and the Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance Political Group singed an intergroup agreement with the Political Group “For Lithuania’s Welfare”.